Editing IPCC:AR6/SR15/Chapter-4 (section)

== 4.4 Implementing Far-Reaching and Rapid Change ==

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The feasibility of 1.5°C-compatible pathways is contingent upon enabling conditions for systemic change (see Cross Chapter Box 3 in Chapter 1). Section 4.3 identifies the major systems, and options within those systems, that offer the potential for change to align with 1.5°C pathways.

AR5 identifies enabling conditions as influencing the feasibility of climate responses (Kolstad et al., 2014) <sup>[[#fn:r811|811]]</sup> . This section draws on 1.5°C-specific and related literature on rapid and scaled up change to identify the enabling conditions that influence the feasibility of adaptation and mitigation options assessed in Section 4.5. Examples from diverse regions and sectors are provided in Boxes 4.1 to 4.10 to illustrate how these conditions could enable or constrain the implementation of incremental, rapid, disruptive and transformative mitigation and adaptation consistent with 1.5°C pathways.

Coherence between the enabling conditions holds potential to enhance the feasibility of 1.5°C-consistent pathways and adapting to the consequences. This includes better alignment across governance scales (OECD, 2015a; Geels et al., 2017) <sup>[[#fn:r812|812]]</sup> , enabling multilevel governance (Cheshmehzangi, 2016; Revi, 2017; Tait and Euston-Brown, 2017) <sup>[[#fn:r813|813]]</sup> and nested institutions (Abbott, 2012) <sup>[[#fn:r814|814]]</sup> . It also includes interdisciplinary actions, combined adaptation and mitigation action (Göpfert et al., 2018) <sup>[[#fn:r815|815]]</sup> , and science–policy partnerships (Vogel et al., 2007; Hering et al., 2014; Roberts, 2016; Figueres et al., 2017; Leal Filho et al., 2018) <sup>[[#fn:r816|816]]</sup> . These partnerships are difficult to establish and sustain, but can generate trust (Cole, 2015; Jordan et al., 2015) <sup>[[#fn:r817|817]]</sup> and inclusivity that ultimately can provide durability and the realization of co-benefits for sustained rapid change (Blanchet, 2015; Ziervogel et al., 2016a) <sup>[[#fn:r818|818]]</sup> .

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