Editing Test:SRCCL/Chapter-1 (section)

== Box 1.1 Land in previous IPCC and other relevant reports ==

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Previous IPCC reports have made reference to land and its role in the climate system. Threats to agriculture, forestry and other ecosystems, but also the role of land and forest management in climate change, have been documented since the IPCC Second Assessment Report, especially so in the Special Report on land use, land-use change and forestry (Watson et al. 2000 <sup>[[#fn:r50|50]]</sup> ). The IPCC Special Report on extreme events (SREX) discussed sustainable land management, including land-use planning, and ecosystem management and restoration among the potential low-regret measures that provide benefits under current climate and a range of future, climate change scenarios. Low-regret measures are defined in the report as those with the potential to offer benefits now  and lay the foundation for tackling future, projected change. Compared to previous IPCC reports, the SRCCL offers a more integrated analysis of the land system as it embraces multiple direct and indirect drivers of natural resource management (related to food, water and energy securities), which have not previously been addressed to a similar depth (Field et al. 2014a <sup>[[#fn:r51|51]]</sup> ; Edenhofer et al. 2014 <sup>[[#fn:r52|52]]</sup> ).

The recent IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C (SR15) targeted specifically the Paris Agreement, without exploring the possibility of future global warming trajectories above 2°C (IPCC 2018 <sup>[[#fn:r53|53]]</sup> ). Limiting global warming to 1.5°C compared to 2°C is projected to lower the impacts on terrestrial, freshwater and coastal ecosystems and to retain more of their services for people. In many scenarios proposed in this report, large-scale land use features as a mitigation measure. In the reports of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), land degradation is discussed in relation to ecosystem goods and services, principally from a food security perspective (FAO and ITPS 2015 <sup>[[#fn:r54|54]]</sup> ). The UNCCD report (2014) discusses land degradation through the prism of desertification. It devotes due attention to how land management can contribute to reversing the negative impacts of desertification and land degradation. The IPBES assessments (2018a <sup>[[#fn:r55|55]]</sup> , b <sup>[[#fn:r56|56]]</sup> , c <sup>[[#fn:r57|57]]</sup> , d <sup>[[#fn:r58|58]]</sup> , e <sup>[[#fn:r59|59]]</sup> ) focus on biodiversity drivers, including a focus on land degradation and desertification, with poverty as a limiting factor. The reports draw attention to a world in peril in which resource scarcity conspires with drivers of biophysical and social vulnerability to derail the attainment of sustainable development goals. As discussed in Chapter 4 of the SRCCL, different definitions of degradation have been applied in the IPBES degradation assessment (IPBES 2018b <sup>[[#fn:r929|929]]</sup> ), which potentially can lead to different conclusions for restoration and ecosystem management.

The SRCCL complements and adds to previous assessments, whilst keeping the IPCC-specific ‘climate perspective’. It includes a focussed assessment of risks arising from maladaptation and land-based mitigation (i.e. not only restricted to direct risks from climate change impacts) and the co-benefits and trade-offs with sustainable development objectives. As the SRCCL cuts across different policy sectors it provides the opportunity to address a number of challenges in an integrative way at the same time, and it progresses beyond other IPCC reports in having a much more comprehensive perspective on land.

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The SRCCL identifies and assesses land-related challenges and response options in an integrative way, aiming to be policy relevant across sectors. Chapter 1 provides a synopsis of the main issues addressed in this report, which are explored in more detail in Chapters 2–7. Chapter 1 also introduces important concepts and definitions and highlights discrepancies with previous reports that arise from different objectives (a full set of definitions is provided in the Glossary). Chapter 2 focuses on the natural system dynamics, assessing recent progress towards understanding the impacts of climate change on land, and the feedbacks arising from altered biogeochemical and biophysical exchange fluxes (Figure 1.2).

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====== Figure 1.2 ======

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==== Overview over the SRCCL. ====

[[File:596d2da11bc43a08b0e5dca7177db9c4 Figure-1.2-1024x301.jpg|thumb|400x300px]]

Overview over the SRCCL.

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