Editing IPCC:AR6/SR15/Chapter-4 (section)

====== Table 4.3 ======

Overview of different mitigation options potentially consistent with limiting warming to 1.5°C and applicable to main industrial sectors, including examples of application (Napp et al., 2014; Boulamanti and Moya, 2017; Wesseling et al., 2017) <sup>[[#fn:r421|421]]</sup> .

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| '''Industrial mitigation option'''
| '''Iron/Steel'''
| '''Cement'''
| '''Refineries and'''<br />
'''Petrochemicals'''
| '''Chemicals'''
|-
| Process and Energy Efficiency
| colspan="4"| Can make a difference of between 10% and 50%, depending on the plant. Relevant but not enough for 1.5°C
|-
| Bio-based
| Coke can be made from biomass<br />
instead of coal
| Partial (only energy-related<br />
emissions)
| colspan="2"| Biomass can replace fossil feedstocks
|-
| Circularity &amp; Substitution
| colspan="2"| More recycling and replacement by low-emission materials,
including alternative chemistries for cement

| colspan="2"| Limited potential
|-
| Electrification &amp; Hydrogen
| Direct reduction with hydrogen.<br />
Heat generation through electricity
| Partial (only electrified heat<br />
generation)
| colspan="2"| Electrified heat and hydrogen generation
|-
| Carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage
| colspan="2"| Possible for process emissions and energy. Reduces emissions by 80–95%, and net emissions can become negative when combined with biofuel
| colspan="2"| Can be applied to energy emissions and different stacks but not on<br />
emissions of products in the use phase (e.g., gasoline)
|}

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