Editing IPCC:AR6/SR15/TS (section)

==== Human Health, Well-Being, Cities and Poverty ====

'''Any increase in global temperature (e.g., +0.5°C) is projected to affect human health, with primarily negative consequences (''high confidence'').''' Lower risks are projected at 1.5°C than at 2°C for heat-related morbidity and mortality (''very high confidence''), and for ozone-related mortality if emissions needed for ozone formation remain high (''high confidence''). Urban heat islands often amplify the impacts of heatwaves in cities (''high confidence''). Risks for some vector-borne diseases, such as malaria and dengue fever are projected to increase with warming from 1.5°C to 2°C, including potential shifts in their geographic range (''high confidence''). Overall for vector-borne diseases, whether projections are positive or negative depends on the disease, region and extent of change (''high confidence''). Lower risks of undernutrition are projected at 1.5°C than at 2°C (''medium confidence''). Incorporating estimates of adaptation into projections reduces the magnitude of risks (''high confidence''). {3.4.7, 3.4.7.1, 3.4.8, 3.5.5.8}

'''Global warming of 2°C is expected to pose greater risks to urban areas than global warming of 1.5°C (''medium confidence'').''' The extent of risk depends on human vulnerability and the effectiveness of adaptation for regions (coastal and non-coastal), informal settlements and infrastructure sectors (such as energy, water and transport) (''high confidence''). {3.4.5, 3.4.8}

'''Poverty and disadvantage have increased with recent warming (about 1°C) and are expected to increase for many populations as average global temperatures increase from 1°C to 1.5°C and higher (''medium confidence'').''' Outmigration in agricultural-dependent communities is positively and statistically significantly associated with global temperature (medium confidence). Our understanding of the links of 1.5°C and 2°C of global warming to human migration are limited and represent an important knowledge gap. {3.4.10, 3.4.11, 5.2.2, Table 3.5}