Editing IPCC:AR6/SR15/Chapter-3 (section)

== 3.4.7 Human Health ==

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Climate change adversely affects human health by increasing exposure and vulnerability to climate-related stresses, and decreasing the capacity of health systems to manage changes in the magnitude and pattern of climate-sensitive health outcomes (Cramer et al., 2014; Hales et al., 2014) <sup>[[#fn:r992|992]]</sup> . Changing weather patterns are associated with shifts in the geographic range, seasonality and transmission intensity of selected climate-sensitive infectious diseases (e.g., Semenza and Menne, 2009) <sup>[[#fn:r993|993]]</sup> , and increasing morbidity and mortality are associated with extreme weather and climate events (e.g., K.R. Smith et al., 2014) <sup>[[#fn:r994|994]]</sup> . Health detection and attribution studies conducted since AR5 have provided evidence, using multistep attribution, that climate change is negatively affecting adverse health outcomes associated with heatwaves, Lyme disease in Canada, and ''Vibrio'' emergence in northern Europe (Mitchell, 2016; Mitchell et al., 2016; Ebi et al., 2017) <sup>[[#fn:r995|995]]</sup> . The IPCC AR5 concluded there is ''high'' to ''very high'' ''confidence'' that climate change will lead to greater risks of injuries, disease and death, owing to more intense heatwaves and fires, increased risks of undernutrition, and consequences of reduced labour productivity in vulnerable populations (K.R. Smith et al., 2014) <sup>[[#fn:r996|996]]</sup> .

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