Editing IPCC:AR6/SR15/Chapter-4 (section)

== 4.4.2 Enhancing Institutional Capacities ==

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The implementation of sound responses and strategies to enable a transition to 1.5°C world would require strengthening governance and scaling up institutional capacities, particularly in developing countries (Adenle et al., 2017; Rosenbloom, 2017) <sup>[[#fn:r965|965]]</sup> . Building on the characterization of governance in Section 4.4.1, this section examines the necessary institutional capacity to implement actions to limit warming to 1.5°C and adapt to the consequences. This takes into account a plurality of regional and local responses, as institutional capacity is highly context-dependent (North, 1990; Lustick et al., 2011) <sup>[[#fn:r966|966]]</sup> .

Institutions would need to interact with one another and align across scales to ensure that rules and regulations are followed (Chaffin and Gunderson, 2016; Young, 2016) <sup>[[#fn:r967|967]]</sup> . The institutional architecture required for a 1.5°C world would include the growing proportion of the world’s population that live in peri-urban and informal settlements and engage in informal economic activity (Simone and Pieterse, 2017) <sup>[[#fn:r968|968]]</sup> . This population, amongst the most exposed to perturbed climates in the world (Hallegatte et al., 2017) <sup>[[#fn:r969|969]]</sup> , is also beyond the direct reach of some policy instruments (Jaglin, 2014; Thieme, 2018) <sup>[[#fn:r970|970]]</sup> . Strategies that accommodate the informal rules of the game adopted by these populations have large chances of success (McGranahan et al., 2016; Kaika, 2017) <sup>[[#fn:r971|971]]</sup> .

The goal for strengthening implementation is to ensure that these rules and regulations embrace equity, equality and poverty alleviation along 1.5°C-consistent pathways (mitigation) and enables the building of adaptive capacity that together, will enable sustainable development and poverty reduction.

Rising to the challenge of a transition to a 1.5°C world would require enhancing institutional climate change capacities along multiple dimensions presented below.

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